Топик основан на материалах последней конференции по антигенам человека - HLAD-8th., прошедшей в декабре прошлого года в Аделаиде (Австралия) Отчёт по стромальной секции опубликован -
Report on antibodies submitted to the stromal cell section of HLDA8
Cellular Immunology In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 19 September 2005
Christopher D. Buckley, Sapna Halder, Debbie Hardie, Garry Reynolds, Ruurd Torensma, Vanina Jodon De Villeroche, Daniele Brouty-Boye and Clare M. Isacke
The paradigm for tissue specific homing of leukocytes is the “area code” hypothesis, which predicts that a speciWc combination of adhesive interactions and chemokine signals from the endothelium directs leukocyte migration into speciWc tissue sites. This area code hypothesis has been supported by studies from previous HLDA workshops where endothelial specific cell antigens have been studied. Similarly, a clear haematopoietic “stem cell code” comprising the chemokine SDF-1 (CXCL12) and the adhesion receptor VCAM-1 (CD106) has been shown to contribute to the stem cell niche within bone marrow [K. Tokoyoda, T. Egawa, T. Sugiyama, B.I. Chai, T. Nagasawa, Cellular niches controlling B lymphocyte behaviour within bone marrow during development, Immunity 20 (2004) 707–718] [1]. HLDA 7 included a section devoted to stem cell antigens, which began to define additional antigens important in these processes.
During the course of HLDA 8 we have extended these observations to determine whether a more global stromal address code defined by fibroblasts, exists in variety of different tissues [G. Parsonage, A.D. Filer, O. Haworth, G.B. Nash, G.E. Rainger, M. Salmon, C.D. Buckley,
A stromal area postcode defined by fibroblasts, Trends Immunol. 26 (2005) 150–156] [2]. The stromal cell section in HLDA 8 was designed to complement the malignant cell, endothelial cell, and stem cell/progenitor cell sections. Seven new CD numbers were assigned to antibodies included in this section at the HLDA 8 Workshop meeting held during December 2004.
During the course of HLDA 8 we have extended these observations to determine whether a more global stromal address code defined by fibroblasts, exists in variety of different tissues [G. Parsonage, A.D. Filer, O. Haworth, G.B. Nash, G.E. Rainger, M. Salmon, C.D. Buckley,
A stromal area postcode defined by fibroblasts, Trends Immunol. 26 (2005) 150–156] [2]. The stromal cell section in HLDA 8 was designed to complement the malignant cell, endothelial cell, and stem cell/progenitor cell sections. Seven new CD numbers were assigned to antibodies included in this section at the HLDA 8 Workshop meeting held during December 2004.
Стромальные клетки - определение
What are stromal cells?
Two broad historical definitions of stromal cells exist. The Wrst is that they are cells of mesenchymal origin that are non-epithelium, non-endothelium, and non-haematopoietic. The second is that they are the cells within the stroma and therefore include fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and tissue resident leukocytes. Within both these definitions, some stromal cells, particularly leukocytes and endothelial cells, have been covered by previous HLDA workshops. However, fibroblasts have not been previously covered and as a consequence it is these cells that have been the focus of the stromal cell section in HLDA8.
Two broad historical definitions of stromal cells exist. The Wrst is that they are cells of mesenchymal origin that are non-epithelium, non-endothelium, and non-haematopoietic. The second is that they are the cells within the stroma and therefore include fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and tissue resident leukocytes. Within both these definitions, some stromal cells, particularly leukocytes and endothelial cells, have been covered by previous HLDA workshops. However, fibroblasts have not been previously covered and as a consequence it is these cells that have been the focus of the stromal cell section in HLDA8.
можно скомбинировать в определении:
клетки мезенхимального происхождения, образующие строму органа, к которым относятся фибробласты, ткане-резидентные лейкоциты и эндотелий.
По последним 2-м мне не ясно...
а про стромальные клетки в костном мозге?
What is a fibroblast?
The most abundant cells of the stroma are fibroblasts, which are responsible for the synthesis and remodelling of extracellular matrix components.
The most abundant cells of the stroma are fibroblasts, which are responsible for the synthesis and remodelling of extracellular matrix components.
дальше самое интересное -
Not all аll fibroblasts are the same
Despite this heterogeneity there are very few selective markers that allow clear discrimination between fibroblast subtypes. Further, not all fibroblasts are mesodermal in origin. For example, fibroblasts in the head and neck region are derived from the neural crest (ectoderm).
It is likely that connective tissue contains a mixture of distinct fibroblast lineages with mature fibroblasts existing side by side with immature fibroblasts (often called mesenchymal fibroblasts) that are capable of differentiating into other connective tissue cells. Tantalizing evidence now suggests that as is the case for endothelial cells, fibroblast precursors (termed fibrocytes) circulate in peripheral blood. These cells share many properties of bone marrow stromal stem cells and are capable of differentiating into several cell lineages.
Despite this heterogeneity there are very few selective markers that allow clear discrimination between fibroblast subtypes. Further, not all fibroblasts are mesodermal in origin. For example, fibroblasts in the head and neck region are derived from the neural crest (ectoderm).
It is likely that connective tissue contains a mixture of distinct fibroblast lineages with mature fibroblasts existing side by side with immature fibroblasts (often called mesenchymal fibroblasts) that are capable of differentiating into other connective tissue cells. Tantalizing evidence now suggests that as is the case for endothelial cells, fibroblast precursors (termed fibrocytes) circulate in peripheral blood. These cells share many properties of bone marrow stromal stem cells and are capable of differentiating into several cell lineages.
вот пишут фиброцит - циркулирующий предшественник фибробласта (тогда почему бласт? и старше? a цит- моложе?)
Therefore, the aims of the stromal cell section in HLDA 8 were:
1. Identify fibroblast specific antibodies (or at least those with expression mainly limited to fibroblasts).
2. Identify antibodies that can discriminate between fibroblasts from different sites.
3. Identify antibodies that can discriminate between normal tissue fibroblasts from one site and diseased tissue (fibroblasts) from the same site.
Финал -
The low number of antibodies analyzed in this section was insuffcient to obtain an overall description of fibroblast cell surface antigens. However from the antibodies that were studied it was notable that (a) although antibodies were characterized as recognizing antigens that were predominantly expressed by fibroblasts, no fibroblast specific antibodies were identified, (b) no antibodies were identified that discriminated between fibroblasts from different anatomical sites. It remains to be determined whether the antibodies that have been characterized
discriminate between fibroblasts from diseased and normal tissue.
1. Identify fibroblast specific antibodies (or at least those with expression mainly limited to fibroblasts).
2. Identify antibodies that can discriminate between fibroblasts from different sites.
3. Identify antibodies that can discriminate between normal tissue fibroblasts from one site and diseased tissue (fibroblasts) from the same site.
Финал -
The low number of antibodies analyzed in this section was insuffcient to obtain an overall description of fibroblast cell surface antigens. However from the antibodies that were studied it was notable that (a) although antibodies were characterized as recognizing antigens that were predominantly expressed by fibroblasts, no fibroblast specific antibodies were identified, (b) no antibodies were identified that discriminated between fibroblasts from different anatomical sites. It remains to be determined whether the antibodies that have been characterized
discriminate between fibroblasts from diseased and normal tissue.
таким образом, поскольку стромальные клетки из костного мозга разбирали в основном на HLDA 7, позволю заключить, что стромальные клетки включают:
- фибробласты
- ММСК
- ткане-резидентные лейкоциты (?)
- эндотелий (?)
помню наш препод по гистологии за ответ одного из курсантов (нужно было перечислить клетки крови) - эритроциты, лейкоциты, миоциты, фиброциты.... поставил смачную двойку